|
TERM |
DEFINITION |
SOURCE |
|
accuracy |
closeness of agreement between a measured quantity value and a true quantity value of a measurand; note that it is not a quantity and it is not given a numerical quantity value |
VIM/ISO:99, GUM |
|
area (volume) of representativeness |
the area (volume) in which the concentration does not differ from the concentration at the station by more than a specific range |
Larssen |
|
(1) systematic error of indication of a measuring system (2) estimate of a systematic measurement error (3) estimate of a systematic forecast error |
(1) VIM/ISO:99 (2) VIM/ISO:99 (3) MACC |
|
|
calibration |
(1) the process of quantitatively defining the system responses to known, controlled signal inputs (2) operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication |
(1) CEOS/ISO:19159 (2) VIM/ISO:99 |
|
dead band (or neutral zone) |
maximum interval through which a value of a quantity being measured can be changed in both directions without producing a detectable change in the corresponding indication |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
detection limit |
measured quantity value, obtained by a given measurement procedure, for which the probability of falsely claiming the absence of a component is β, given a probability α of falsely claiming its presence |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
error |
(1) measured quantity value minus a reference quantity value (2) difference of quantity value obtained by measurement and true value of the measurand (3) difference of forecast value and a, estimate of the true value |
(1) VIM/ISO:99 (2) CEOS/ISO:19159 (3) MACC |
|
establish |
define, document and implement |
CDRH |
|
fiducial |
used as a
fixed standard of reference for comparison or measurement (fiducial point) |
WordNet |
|
fiducial
marker |
refers to
an object placed in the field of view of an imaging system which appears in
the image produced, for use as a point of reference or a measure |
Deepika |
|
field-of-regard |
an area of the object space scanned by the field-of-view of a scanning sensor |
NIST |
|
field-of-view |
the solid angle from which the detector receives radiation |
NIST |
|
footprint |
the area of a target encircled by the field-of-view of a detector of radiation, or irradiated by an active system |
NIST |
|
geometrical
resolution |
ability
of a sensor system to record signals separately from neighboring
object structures |
DIN
18716-3 |
|
ground
sampling distance (GSD) |
linear
distance between pixel centres on the ground |
CEOS/ISO:19159 |
|
influence quantity |
quantity that, in a direct measurement, does not affect the quantity that is actually measured, but affects the relation between the indication and the measurement result |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
in situ measurement |
(1) a direct measurement of the measurand in its original place (2) any sub-orbital measurement of the measurand |
(1)
CEOS/ISO:19159 |
|
instantaneous
field of view (IFOV) |
opening
angle corresponding to one detector element |
ISO:19130 |
|
measurand |
quantity intended to be measured |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
metadata |
data about the data; parameters that describe, characterise, and/or index the data |
WMO |
|
monitoring |
(1) systematic evaluation over time of some quantity (2) by extension, evaluation over time of the performance of a system, of the occurrence of an event etc. |
(1) NIST (2) MACC |
|
point-to-area (point-to-volume) representativeness |
the probability that a point measurement lies within a specific range of area-average (volume-average) concentration value |
Nappo |
|
positional
accuracy |
closeness
of coordinate value to the true or accepted value in a specified reference
system |
ISO:19116 |
|
precision |
(1)
measure of the repeatability of a set of measurements. Note that precision is
usually expressed as a statistical value based upon a set of repeated
measurements such as the standard deviation from the sample mean |
(1)
ISO:19116 |
|
procedure |
specified
way to carry out an activity or a process |
ISO:9000 |
|
process |
set of
interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an intended
result |
ISO:9000 |
|
process validation |
establishing documented evidence of a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its pre-determined specifications and quality characteristics |
CDRH |
|
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of an object fulfils requirements |
ISO:9000 |
|
|
quality
assurance |
part of quality
management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be
fulfilled |
CEOS/ISO:19159,
ISO:9000 |
|
quality assessment |
term referring to the derivation of quality indicators providing sufficient information to assess whether quality requirements are fulfilled |
CEOS |
|
quality control (QC) |
(1) QC
refers to the activities undertaken to check and optimise accuracy and
precision of the data after its collection (2) part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements |
(1)
CEOS/ISO:19159 (2) ISO:9000 |
|
quality indicator (QI) |
a means of providing a user of data or derived product with sufficient information to assess its suitability for a particular application. This information should be based on a quantitative assessment of its traceability to an agreed reference or measurement standard (ideally SI), but can be presented as a numeric or a text descriptor, provided the quantitative linkage is defined. |
QA4EO |
|
radiometric calibration |
a determination of radiometric instrument performance in the spatial, spectral, and temporal domains in a series of measurements, in which its output is related to the true value of the measured radiometric quantity |
NIST |
|
random error |
(1) component of measurement error that in replicate measurements varies in an unpredictable manner; note that random measurement error equals measurement error minus systematic measurement error (2) component of forecast error that varies in an unpredictable manner |
(1) VIM/ISO:99 (2) MACC |
|
relative standard uncertainty |
standard measurement uncertainty divided by the absolute value of the measured quantity value |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
repeatability |
measurement precision under set of conditions including the same measurement procedure, same operator, same measuring system, same operating conditions and same location, and replicated measurements over a short period of time |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
representativeness |
the extent to which a set of measurements taken in a given space-time domain reflect the actual conditions in the same or different space-time domain taken on a scale appropriate for a specific application |
Nappo |
|
reproducibility |
measurement precision under a set of conditions including different locations, operators, and measuring systems |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
(1)
smallest change in a quantity being measured that causes a perceptible change
in the corresponding indication (3) the
least vertical/geographical/temporal distance between two identical
atmospheric features that can be distinguished in a gridded numerical product
or in time series of measurements; resolution is equal to or coarser than
vertical/geographical/temporal sampling of the grid or the measurement time
series |
(1)
VIM/ISO:99 (3) MACC |
|
|
Property of a measuring instrument, whereby its metrological properties remain constant in time |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
|
systematic error |
component of measurement error that in replicate measurements remains constant or varies in a predictable manner |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
system |
set of
interrelated or interacting elements |
ISO:9000 |
|
(1) (metrological traceability) property of
a measurement result relating the result to a stated metrological reference
(free definition and not necessarily SI) through an unbroken chain of
calibrations of a measuring system or comparisons, each contributing to the
stated measurement uncertainty (2) ability to trace the history, application or location of an object, a product or a service |
(1)
VIM/ISO:99 (2) ISO:9000 |
|
|
traceability
chain |
sequence
of measurement standards and calibrations that is used to relate a
measurement result to a reference |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
uncertainty |
non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the information used |
VIM/ISO:99 |
|
(1) the process of assessing, by independent means, the quality of the data products derived from the system outputs (2)
verification, where the specified requirements are adequate for an intended
use (3) confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled (4) the process
of assessing, by independent means, the degree of correspondence between the
value of the radiometric quantity derived from the output signal of a
calibrated radiometric device and the actual value of this quantity. (5) confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that specifications conform to user needs and intended uses, and that the particular requirements implemented through software can be consistently fulfilled |
(1) CEOS/ISO:19159 (2) VIM/ISO:99 (3)
ISO:9000 (4) NIST (5) CDRH |
|
|
verification |
(1)
provision of objective evidence that a given item fulfils specified
requirements; note that, when applicable, measurement uncertainty should be
taken into consideration. (2) confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have been fulfilled (3) the provision of objective evidence that the design outputs of a particular phase of the software development life cycle meet all of the specified requirements for that phase |
(1)
VIM/ISO:99 (2) ISO:9000 (3) CDRH |
|
post-launch calibration of sensors that make use of natural or artificial sites on the surface of the Earth |
CEOS/ISO:19159 |
CDRH
Center
for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH),
General Principles of Software Validation;
Final Guidance for Industry and
FDA Staff, CBER CDRH/OC Doc.
N. 938, January 11, 2002. Publicly
available via
http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm085281.htm
CEOS
CEOS Committee on Earth Observation
Satellites (CEOS): Terms and Definitions and other documents
and resources publicly available on http://calvalportal.ceos.org.
Deepika
S.
R. Deepika and N. Avinash, in “Proceedings of the Fourth International
Conference on Signal and Image
processing”, Volume 1, p. 576, 2012
DIN 18716-3
DIN
18716-3: 1997-07, Photogrammetry and remote sensing - Part 3: Remote sensing terms
GUM
Joint
Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM/WG 1) 100:2008, Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in a measurement
(GUM), http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf
ISO:9000
ISO
9000:2015(en), Quality management systems -
Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO:19116
ISO
19116:2004(en), Geographic information - Positioning
services
ISO:19130
ISO/TS
19130-2:2014(en), Geographic information - Imagery sensor models for geopositioning - Part 2: SAR,
InSAR, lidar and sonar
ISO:19159
ISO/TS
19159-1:2014(en), Geographic information - Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data — Part
1: Optical sensors
Larrsen
Larssen,
S., R. Sluyter, and C. Helmis,
Criteria for EUROAIRNET – The EEA Air Quality Monitoring and
Information Network, 1999.
MACC
MACC
II Service Validation Protocol, Deliverable D153.4,
May 2013,
http://www.gmes-atmosphere.eu/documents/maccii/deliverables/man/MACCII_MAN_DEL_D_153.1_20130528_Lambert_V2.pdf
Nappo
Nappo, C.J., Caneill J.Y., Furman R.W.,
Gifford F.A., Kaimal J.C., Kramer M.L., Lockhart
T.J., Pendergast M.M, Pielke
R.A., Randerson D., Shreffler
J.H., and Wyngaard J.C.,
The Workshop on the Representativeness
of Meteorological Observations, June
1981, Boulder, CO, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 63, 761-764, 1982.
NIST
Prokhorov,
A. V., R. U. Datla, V. P. Zakharenkov,
V. Privalsky, T. W. Humpherys,
and V. I. Sapritsky, Spaceborne Optoelectronic Sensors
and their Radiometric Calibration. Terms and Definitions.
Part 1. Calibration Techniques,
Ed. by A. C. Parr and L. K.
Issaev, NIST Technical Note
NISTIR 7203, March 2005.
QA4EO
QA4EO
– A Quality Assurance framework
for Earth Observation, established by the CEOS. It consists of ten distinct key guidelines
linked through an overarching document (the QA4EO Principles) and more community-specific QA4EO
procedures, all available
on http://qa4eo.org/documentation.html A short QA4EO "user" guide has
been produced to provide background into QA4EO and how one
would start implementing it (http://qa4eo.org/docs/QA4EO_guide.pdf)
VIM/ISO:99
Joint
Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM/WG 2) 200:2012 & ISO/IEC Guide
99-12:2007, International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated
Terms (VIM),
http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/guides/vim.html
WMO
WMO
Quality Management Framework (QMF), home page at
http://www.bom.gov.au/wmo/quality_management.shtmll
WordNet
Princeton
University "About WordNet."
WordNet. Princeton University. 2010, http://wordnet.princeton.edu.