The ATSR-2 instrument on-board the ERS-2 satellite is a low-resolution conical imaging spectrometer operating in the visible, near-infrared, mid-infrared and thermal spectrum. Data are acquired through seven bands with a 1 kilometre spatial resolution. The (A)ATSR instruments are unique in their use of along track scanning to provide two views of the surface and thus improve atmospheric correction. The surface is first viewed along the direction of the orbit track, at an angle of 55°, as the spacecraft flies towards the scene. Then, 150 seconds later, or when the satellite has moved approximately 1000 km forward along the ground track, a second observation is made of the same scene at the sub-satellite point. The ATSR-2 and Advanced ATSR (AATSR) instruments are developments from the original experimental ATSR-1 instrument which, in addition to the ATSR-1’s infrared channels, carry extra visible channels at 0.55, 0.67 and 0.87 micro-metres for vegetation remote sensing. The evolution of ATSR-2 was constrained by the requirement to maintain the ATSR-1 precision measurement of global SST.